docs(analysis): Add visual output comparison analysis

- Created analysis/visual_output_comparison.md with detailed architectural comparison
- Added capture utilities for output comparison (capture_output.py, capture_upstream.py, compare_outputs.py)
- Captured and compared output from upstream/main vs sideline branch
- Documented fundamental architectural differences in rendering approaches
- Updated Gitea issue #50 with findings

scripts/capture_output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Capture output utility for Mainline.
+
+This script captures the output of a Mainline pipeline using NullDisplay
+and saves it to a JSON file for comparison with other branches.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from engine.display import DisplayRegistry
+from engine.pipeline import Pipeline, PipelineConfig, PipelineContext
+from engine.pipeline.adapters import create_stage_from_display
+from engine.pipeline.presets import get_preset
+
+
+def capture_pipeline_output(
+    preset_name: str,
+    output_file: str,
+    frames: int = 60,
+    width: int = 80,
+    height: int = 24,
+):
+    """Capture pipeline output for a given preset.
+
+    Args:
+        preset_name: Name of preset to use
+        output_file: Path to save captured output
+        frames: Number of frames to capture
+        width: Terminal width
+        height: Terminal height
+    """
+    print(f"Capturing output for preset '{preset_name}'...")
+
+    # Get preset
+    preset = get_preset(preset_name)
+    if not preset:
+        print(f"Error: Preset '{preset_name}' not found")
+        return False
+
+    # Create NullDisplay with recording
+    display = DisplayRegistry.create("null")
+    display.init(width, height)
+    display.start_recording()
+
+    # Build pipeline
+    config = PipelineConfig(
+        source=preset.source,
+        display="null",  # Use null display
+        camera=preset.camera,
+        effects=preset.effects,
+        enable_metrics=False,
+    )
+
+    # Create pipeline context with params
+    from engine.pipeline.params import PipelineParams
+
+    params = PipelineParams(
+        source=preset.source,
+        display="null",
+        camera_mode=preset.camera,
+        effect_order=preset.effects,
+        viewport_width=preset.viewport_width,
+        viewport_height=preset.viewport_height,
+        camera_speed=preset.camera_speed,
+    )
+
+    ctx = PipelineContext()
+    ctx.params = params
+
+    pipeline = Pipeline(config=config, context=ctx)
+
+    # Add stages based on preset
+    from engine.data_sources.sources import HeadlinesDataSource
+    from engine.pipeline.adapters import DataSourceStage
+
+    # Add source stage
+    source = HeadlinesDataSource()
+    pipeline.add_stage("source", DataSourceStage(source, name="headlines"))
+
+    # Add message overlay if enabled
+    if getattr(preset, "enable_message_overlay", False):
+        from engine import config as engine_config
+        from engine.pipeline.adapters import MessageOverlayConfig, MessageOverlayStage
+
+        overlay_config = MessageOverlayConfig(
+            enabled=True,
+            display_secs=getattr(engine_config, "MESSAGE_DISPLAY_SECS", 30),
+            topic_url=getattr(engine_config, "NTFY_TOPIC", None),
+        )
+        pipeline.add_stage(
+            "message_overlay", MessageOverlayStage(config=overlay_config)
+        )
+
+    # Add display stage
+    pipeline.add_stage("display", create_stage_from_display(display, "null"))
+
+    # Build and initialize
+    pipeline.build()
+    if not pipeline.initialize():
+        print("Error: Failed to initialize pipeline")
+        return False
+
+    # Capture frames
+    print(f"Capturing {frames} frames...")
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    for frame in range(frames):
+        try:
+            pipeline.execute([])
+            if frame % 10 == 0:
+                print(f"  Frame {frame}/{frames}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Error on frame {frame}: {e}")
+            break
+
+    elapsed = time.time() - start_time
+    print(f"Captured {frame + 1} frames in {elapsed:.2f}s")
+
+    # Get captured frames
+    captured_frames = display.get_frames()
+    print(f"Retrieved {len(captured_frames)} frames from display")
+
+    # Save to JSON
+    output_path = Path(output_file)
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    recording_data = {
+        "version": 1,
+        "preset": preset_name,
+        "display": "null",
+        "width": width,
+        "height": height,
+        "frame_count": len(captured_frames),
+        "frames": [
+            {
+                "frame_number": i,
+                "buffer": frame,
+                "width": width,
+                "height": height,
+            }
+            for i, frame in enumerate(captured_frames)
+        ],
+    }
+
+    with open(output_path, "w") as f:
+        json.dump(recording_data, f, indent=2)
+
+    print(f"Saved recording to {output_path}")
+    return True
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Capture Mainline pipeline output")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--preset",
+        default="demo",
+        help="Preset name to use (default: demo)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--output",
+        default="output/capture.json",
+        help="Output file path (default: output/capture.json)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--frames",
+        type=int,
+        default=60,
+        help="Number of frames to capture (default: 60)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--width",
+        type=int,
+        default=80,
+        help="Terminal width (default: 80)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--height",
+        type=int,
+        default=24,
+        help="Terminal height (default: 24)",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    success = capture_pipeline_output(
+        preset_name=args.preset,
+        output_file=args.output,
+        frames=args.frames,
+        width=args.width,
+        height=args.height,
+    )
+
+    return 0 if success else 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    exit(main())