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klubhaus-doorbell/libraries/FastLED/src/lib8tion.h
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#pragma once
#ifndef __INC_LIB8TION_H
#define __INC_LIB8TION_H
#include "FastLED.h"
#include "lib8tion/types.h"
#include "fl/deprecated.h"
#include "fl/compiler_control.h"
FL_DISABLE_WARNING_PUSH
FL_DISABLE_WARNING_UNUSED_PARAMETER
FL_DISABLE_WARNING_RETURN_TYPE
FL_DISABLE_WARNING_IMPLICIT_INT_CONVERSION
FL_DISABLE_WARNING_FLOAT_CONVERSION
FL_DISABLE_WARNING_SIGN_CONVERSION
#ifndef __INC_LED_SYSDEFS_H
#error WTH? led_sysdefs needs to be included first
#endif
/// @file lib8tion.h
/// Fast, efficient 8-bit math functions specifically
/// designed for high-performance LED programming.
#include "fl/stdint.h"
#include "lib8tion/lib8static.h"
#include "lib8tion/qfx.h"
#include "lib8tion/memmove.h"
#include "lib8tion/config.h"
#include "fl/ease.h"
#if !defined(__AVR__)
#include <string.h>
// for memmove, memcpy, and memset if not defined here
#endif // end of !defined(__AVR__)
/// @defgroup lib8tion Fast Math Functions
/// Fast, efficient 8-bit math functions specifically
/// designed for high-performance LED programming.
///
/// Because of the AVR (Arduino) and ARM assembly language
/// implementations provided, using these functions often
/// results in smaller and faster code than the equivalent
/// program using plain "C" arithmetic and logic.
///
/// Included are:
///
/// - Saturating unsigned 8-bit add and subtract.
/// Instead of wrapping around if an overflow occurs,
/// these routines just 'clamp' the output at a maxumum
/// of 255, or a minimum of 0. Useful for adding pixel
/// values. E.g., qadd8( 200, 100) = 255.
/// @code
/// qadd8( i, j) == MIN( (i + j), 0xFF )
/// qsub8( i, j) == MAX( (i - j), 0 )
/// @endcode
///
/// - Saturating signed 8-bit ("7-bit") add.
/// @code
/// qadd7( i, j) == MIN( (i + j), 0x7F)
/// @endcode
///
/// - Scaling (down) of unsigned 8- and 16- bit values.
/// Scaledown value is specified in 1/256ths.
/// @code
/// scale8( i, sc) == (i * sc) / 256
/// scale16by8( i, sc) == (i * sc) / 256
/// @endcode
///
/// Example: scaling a 0-255 value down into a
/// range from 0-99:
/// @code
/// downscaled = scale8( originalnumber, 100);
/// @endcode
///
/// A special version of scale8 is provided for scaling
/// LED brightness values, to make sure that they don't
/// accidentally scale down to total black at low
/// dimming levels, since that would look wrong:
/// @code
/// scale8_video( i, sc) = ((i * sc) / 256) +? 1
/// @endcode
///
/// Example: reducing an LED brightness by a
/// dimming factor:
/// @code
/// new_bright = scale8_video( orig_bright, dimming);
/// @endcode
///
/// - Fast 8- and 16- bit unsigned random numbers.
/// Significantly faster than Arduino random(), but
/// also somewhat less random. You can add entropy.
/// @code
/// random8() == random from 0..255
/// random8( n) == random from 0..(N-1)
/// random8( n, m) == random from N..(M-1)
///
/// random16() == random from 0..65535
/// random16( n) == random from 0..(N-1)
/// random16( n, m) == random from N..(M-1)
///
/// random16_set_seed( k) == seed = k
/// random16_add_entropy( k) == seed += k
/// @endcode
///
/// - Absolute value of a signed 8-bit value.
/// @code
/// abs8( i) == abs( i)
/// @endcode
///
/// - 8-bit math operations which return 8-bit values.
/// These are provided mostly for completeness,
/// not particularly for performance.
/// @code
/// mul8( i, j) == (i * j) & 0xFF
/// add8( i, j) == (i + j) & 0xFF
/// sub8( i, j) == (i - j) & 0xFF
/// @endcode
///
/// - Fast 16-bit approximations of sin and cos.
/// Input angle is a uint16_t from 0-65535.
/// Output is a signed int16_t from -32767 to 32767.
/// @code
/// sin16( x) == sin( (x/32768.0) * pi) * 32767
/// cos16( x) == cos( (x/32768.0) * pi) * 32767
/// @endcode
///
/// Accurate to more than 99% in all cases.
///
/// - Fast 8-bit approximations of sin and cos.
/// Input angle is a uint8_t from 0-255.
/// Output is an UNsigned uint8_t from 0 to 255.
/// @code
/// sin8( x) == (sin( (x/128.0) * pi) * 128) + 128
/// cos8( x) == (cos( (x/128.0) * pi) * 128) + 128
/// @endcode
///
/// Accurate to within about 2%.
///
/// - Fast 8-bit "easing in/out" function.
/// @code
/// ease8InOutCubic(x) == 3(x^2) - 2(x^3)
/// ease8InOutApprox(x) ==
/// faster, rougher, approximation of cubic easing
/// ease8InOutQuad(x) == quadratic (vs cubic) easing
/// @endcode
///
/// - Cubic, Quadratic, and Triangle wave functions.
/// Input is a uint8_t representing phase withing the wave,
/// similar to how sin8 takes an angle 'theta'.
/// Output is a uint8_t representing the amplitude of
/// the wave at that point.
/// @code
/// cubicwave8( x)
/// quadwave8( x)
/// triwave8( x)
/// @endcode
///
/// - Square root for 16-bit integers. About three times
/// faster and five times smaller than Arduino's built-in
/// generic 32-bit sqrt routine.
/// @code
/// sqrt16( uint16_t x ) == sqrt( x)
/// @endcode
///
/// - Dimming and brightening functions for 8-bit
/// light values.
/// @code
/// dim8_video( x) == scale8_video( x, x)
/// dim8_raw( x) == scale8( x, x)
/// dim8_lin( x) == (x<128) ? ((x+1)/2) : scale8(x,x)
/// brighten8_video( x) == 255 - dim8_video( 255 - x)
/// brighten8_raw( x) == 255 - dim8_raw( 255 - x)
/// brighten8_lin( x) == 255 - dim8_lin( 255 - x)
/// @endcode
///
/// The dimming functions in particular are suitable
/// for making LED light output appear more 'linear'.
///
/// - Linear interpolation between two values, with the
/// fraction between them expressed as an 8- or 16-bit
/// fixed point fraction (fract8 or fract16).
/// @code
/// lerp8by8( fromU8, toU8, fract8 )
/// lerp16by8( fromU16, toU16, fract8 )
/// lerp15by8( fromS16, toS16, fract8 )
/// == from + (( to - from ) * fract8) / 256)
/// lerp16by16( fromU16, toU16, fract16 )
/// == from + (( to - from ) * fract16) / 65536)
/// map8( in, rangeStart, rangeEnd)
/// == map( in, 0, 255, rangeStart, rangeEnd);
/// @endcode
///
/// - Optimized memmove, memcpy, and memset, that are
/// faster than standard avr-libc 1.8.
/// @code
/// memmove8( dest, src, bytecount)
/// memcpy8( dest, src, bytecount)
/// memset8( buf, value, bytecount)
/// @endcode
///
/// - Beat generators which return sine or sawtooth
/// waves in a specified number of Beats Per Minute.
/// Sine wave beat generators can specify a low and
/// high range for the output. Sawtooth wave beat
/// generators always range 0-255 or 0-65535.
/// @code
/// beatsin8( BPM, low8, high8)
/// = (sine(beatphase) * (high8-low8)) + low8
/// beatsin16( BPM, low16, high16)
/// = (sine(beatphase) * (high16-low16)) + low16
/// beatsin88( BPM88, low16, high16)
/// = (sine(beatphase) * (high16-low16)) + low16
/// beat8( BPM) = 8-bit repeating sawtooth wave
/// beat16( BPM) = 16-bit repeating sawtooth wave
/// beat88( BPM88) = 16-bit repeating sawtooth wave
/// @endcode
///
/// BPM is beats per minute in either simple form
/// e.g. 120, or Q8.8 fixed-point form.
/// BPM88 is beats per minute in ONLY Q8.8 fixed-point
/// form.
///
/// Lib8tion is pronounced like 'libation': lie-BAY-shun
///
/// @{
#include "lib8tion/math8.h"
#include "lib8tion/scale8.h"
#include "lib8tion/random8.h"
#include "lib8tion/trig8.h"
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
FASTLED_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
/// @defgroup FloatConversions Float-to-Fixed and Fixed-to-Float Conversions
/// Functions to convert between floating point and fixed point types.
/// @note Anything involving a "float" on AVR will be slower.
/// @{
/// Conversion from 16-bit fixed point (::sfract15) to IEEE754 32-bit float.
LIB8STATIC float sfract15ToFloat( sfract15 y)
{
return y / 32768.0f;
}
/// Conversion from IEEE754 float in the range (-1,1) to 16-bit fixed point (::sfract15).
/// @note The extremes of one and negative one are NOT representable! The
/// representable range is 0.99996948242 to -0.99996948242, in steps of 0.00003051757.
LIB8STATIC sfract15 floatToSfract15( float f)
{
return static_cast<sfract15>(f * 32768.0f);
}
/// @} FloatConversions
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
/// @defgroup LinearInterpolation Linear Interpolation
/// Fast linear interpolation functions, such as could be used for Perlin noise, etc.
///
/// A note on the structure of the lerp functions:
/// The cases for b>a and b<=a are handled separately for
/// speed. Without knowing the relative order of a and b,
/// the value (a-b) might be overflow the width of a or b,
/// and have to be promoted to a wider, slower type.
/// To avoid that, we separate the two cases, and are able
/// to do all the math in the same width as the arguments,
/// which is much faster and smaller on AVR.
/// @{
/// Linear interpolation between two unsigned 8-bit values,
/// with 8-bit fraction
LIB8STATIC uint8_t lerp8by8( uint8_t a, uint8_t b, fract8 frac)
{
uint8_t result;
if( b > a) {
uint8_t delta = b - a;
uint8_t scaled = scale8( delta, frac);
result = a + scaled;
} else {
uint8_t delta = a - b;
uint8_t scaled = scale8( delta, frac);
result = a - scaled;
}
return result;
}
/// Linear interpolation between two unsigned 16-bit values,
/// with 16-bit fraction
LIB8STATIC uint16_t lerp16by16( uint16_t a, uint16_t b, fract16 frac)
{
uint16_t result;
if( b > a ) {
uint16_t delta = b - a;
uint16_t scaled = scale16(delta, frac);
result = a + scaled;
} else {
uint16_t delta = a - b;
uint16_t scaled = scale16( delta, frac);
result = a - scaled;
}
return result;
}
/// Linear interpolation between two unsigned 16-bit values,
/// with 8-bit fraction
LIB8STATIC uint16_t lerp16by8( uint16_t a, uint16_t b, fract8 frac)
{
uint16_t result;
if( b > a) {
uint16_t delta = b - a;
uint16_t scaled = scale16by8( delta, frac);
result = a + scaled;
} else {
uint16_t delta = a - b;
uint16_t scaled = scale16by8( delta, frac);
result = a - scaled;
}
return result;
}
/// Linear interpolation between two signed 15-bit values,
/// with 8-bit fraction
LIB8STATIC int16_t lerp15by8( int16_t a, int16_t b, fract8 frac)
{
int16_t result;
if( b > a) {
uint16_t delta = b - a;
uint16_t scaled = scale16by8( delta, frac);
result = a + scaled;
} else {
uint16_t delta = a - b;
uint16_t scaled = scale16by8( delta, frac);
result = a - scaled;
}
return result;
}
/// Linear interpolation between two signed 15-bit values,
/// with 8-bit fraction
LIB8STATIC int16_t lerp15by16( int16_t a, int16_t b, fract16 frac)
{
int16_t result;
if( b > a) {
uint16_t delta = b - a;
uint16_t scaled = scale16( delta, frac);
result = a + scaled;
} else {
uint16_t delta = a - b;
uint16_t scaled = scale16( delta, frac);
result = a - scaled;
}
return result;
}
/// Map from one full-range 8-bit value into a narrower
/// range of 8-bit values, possibly a range of hues.
///
/// E.g. map `myValue` into a hue in the range blue..purple..pink..red
/// @code
/// hue = map8( myValue, HUE_BLUE, HUE_RED);
/// @endcode
///
/// Combines nicely with the waveform functions (like sin8(), etc)
/// to produce continuous hue gradients back and forth:
/// @code
/// hue = map8( sin8( myValue), HUE_BLUE, HUE_RED);
/// @endcode
///
/// Mathematically simiar to lerp8by8(), but arguments are more
/// like Arduino's "map"; this function is similar to
/// @code
/// map( in, 0, 255, rangeStart, rangeEnd)
/// @endcode
///
/// but faster and specifically designed for 8-bit values.
LIB8STATIC uint8_t map8( uint8_t in, uint8_t rangeStart, uint8_t rangeEnd)
{
uint8_t rangeWidth = rangeEnd - rangeStart;
uint8_t out = scale8( in, rangeWidth);
out += rangeStart;
return out;
}
/// @} LinearInterpolation
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
/// @defgroup Easing Easing Functions
/// Specify the rate of change of a parameter over time.
/// @see http://easings.net
/// @{
/// 8-bit quadratic ease-in / ease-out function.
/// Takes around 13 cycles on AVR.
#if (EASE8_C == 1) || defined(FASTLED_DOXYGEN)
LIB8STATIC uint8_t ease8InOutQuad( uint8_t i)
{
uint8_t j = i;
if( j & 0x80 ) {
j = 255 - j;
}
uint8_t jj = scale8( j, j);
uint8_t jj2 = jj << 1;
if( i & 0x80 ) {
jj2 = 255 - jj2;
}
return jj2;
}
#elif EASE8_AVRASM == 1
// This AVR asm version of ease8InOutQuad preserves one more
// low-bit of precision than the C version, and is also slightly
// smaller and faster.
LIB8STATIC uint8_t ease8InOutQuad(uint8_t val) {
uint8_t j=val;
asm volatile (
"sbrc %[val], 7 \n"
"com %[j] \n"
"mul %[j], %[j] \n"
"add r0, %[j] \n"
"ldi %[j], 0 \n"
"adc %[j], r1 \n"
"lsl r0 \n" // carry = high bit of low byte of mul product
"rol %[j] \n" // j = (j * 2) + carry // preserve add'l bit of precision
"sbrc %[val], 7 \n"
"com %[j] \n"
"clr __zero_reg__ \n"
: [j] "+&a" (j)
: [val] "a" (val)
: "r0", "r1"
);
return j;
}
#else
#error "No implementation for ease8InOutQuad available."
#endif
LIB8STATIC uint16_t ease16InOutQuad( uint16_t i)
{
// This is the legacy version, there is a slightly more accurate version in fl/ease.cpp
// with fl::easeInOutQuad16. However the difference is minimal.
//
// 16-bit quadratic ease-in / ease-out function
uint16_t j = i;
if (j & 0x8000) {
j = 65535 - j;
}
uint16_t jj = scale16(j, j);
uint16_t jj2 = jj << 1;
if (i & 0x8000) {
jj2 = 65535 - jj2;
}
return jj2;
}
LIB8STATIC uint16_t ease16InOutCubic(uint16_t i) {
// This function produces wrong results, use fl::easeInOutCubic16 instead
//
// 16-bit cubic ease-in / ease-out function
// Equivalent to ease8InOutCubic() but for 16-bit values
// Formula: 3(x^2) - 2(x^3) applied with proper ease-in-out curve
// Apply the cubic formula directly, similar to the 8-bit version
// scale16(a, b) computes (a * b) / 65536
uint32_t ii = scale16(i, i); // i^2 scaled to 16-bit
uint32_t iii = scale16(ii, i); // i^3 scaled to 16-bit
// Apply cubic formula: 3x^2 - 2x^3
uint32_t r1 = (3 * ii) - (2 * iii);
// Clamp result to 16-bit range
if (r1 > 65535) {
return 65535;
}
return (uint16_t)r1;
}
/// 8-bit cubic ease-in / ease-out function.
/// Takes around 18 cycles on AVR.
LIB8STATIC fract8 ease8InOutCubic( fract8 i)
{
uint8_t ii = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( i, i);
uint8_t iii = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( ii, i);
uint16_t r1 = (3 * (uint16_t)(ii)) - ( 2 * (uint16_t)(iii));
/* the code generated for the above *'s automatically
cleans up R1, so there's no need to explicitily call
cleanup_R1(); */
uint8_t result = r1;
// if we got "256", return 255:
if( r1 & 0x100 ) {
result = 255;
}
return result;
}
/// Fast, rough 8-bit ease-in/ease-out function.
/// Shaped approximately like ease8InOutCubic(),
/// it's never off by more than a couple of percent
/// from the actual cubic S-curve, and it executes
/// more than twice as fast. Use when the cycles
/// are more important than visual smoothness.
/// Asm version takes around 7 cycles on AVR.
#if (EASE8_C == 1) || defined(FASTLED_DOXYGEN)
LIB8STATIC fract8 ease8InOutApprox( fract8 i)
{
if( i < 64) {
// start with slope 0.5
i /= 2;
} else if( i > (255 - 64)) {
// end with slope 0.5
i = 255 - i;
i /= 2;
i = 255 - i;
} else {
// in the middle, use slope 192/128 = 1.5
i -= 64;
i += (i / 2);
i += 32;
}
return i;
}
#elif EASE8_AVRASM == 1
LIB8STATIC uint8_t ease8InOutApprox( fract8 i)
{
// takes around 7 cycles on AVR
asm volatile (
" subi %[i], 64 \n\t"
" cpi %[i], 128 \n\t"
" brcc Lshift_%= \n\t"
// middle case
" mov __tmp_reg__, %[i] \n\t"
" lsr __tmp_reg__ \n\t"
" add %[i], __tmp_reg__ \n\t"
" subi %[i], 224 \n\t"
" rjmp Ldone_%= \n\t"
// start or end case
"Lshift_%=: \n\t"
" lsr %[i] \n\t"
" subi %[i], 96 \n\t"
"Ldone_%=: \n\t"
: [i] "+a" (i)
:
: "r0"
);
return i;
}
#else
#error "No implementation for ease8 available."
#endif
/// @} Easing
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
/// @defgroup WaveformGenerators Waveform Generators
/// General purpose wave generator functions.
///
/// @{
/// Triangle wave generator.
/// Useful for turning a one-byte ever-increasing value into a
/// one-byte value that oscillates up and down.
/// @code
/// input output
/// 0..127 0..254 (positive slope)
/// 128..255 254..0 (negative slope)
/// @endcode
///
/// On AVR this function takes just three cycles.
///
LIB8STATIC uint8_t triwave8(uint8_t in)
{
if( in & 0x80) {
in = 255 - in;
}
uint8_t out = in << 1;
return out;
}
/// Quadratic waveform generator. Spends just a little
/// more time at the limits than "sine" does.
///
/// S-shaped wave generator (like "sine"). Useful
/// for turning a one-byte "counter" value into a
/// one-byte oscillating value that moves smoothly up and down,
/// with an "acceleration" and "deceleration" curve.
///
/// This is even faster than "sin8()", and has
/// a slightly different curve shape.
LIB8STATIC uint8_t quadwave8(uint8_t in)
{
return ease8InOutQuad( triwave8( in));
}
/// Cubic waveform generator. Spends visibly more time
/// at the limits than "sine" does.
/// @copydetails quadwave8()
LIB8STATIC uint8_t cubicwave8(uint8_t in)
{
return ease8InOutCubic( triwave8( in));
}
/// Square wave generator.
/// Useful for turning a one-byte ever-increasing value
/// into a one-byte value that is either 0 or 255.
/// The width of the output "pulse" is determined by
/// the pulsewidth argument:
/// @code
/// if pulsewidth is 255, output is always 255.
/// if pulsewidth < 255, then
/// if input < pulsewidth then output is 255
/// if input >= pulsewidth then output is 0
/// @endcode
///
/// The output looking like:
///
/// @code
/// 255 +--pulsewidth--+
/// . | |
/// 0 0 +--------(256-pulsewidth)--------
/// @endcode
///
/// @param in input value
/// @param pulsewidth width of the output pulse
/// @returns square wave output
LIB8STATIC uint8_t squarewave8( uint8_t in, uint8_t pulsewidth=128)
{
if( in < pulsewidth || (pulsewidth == 255)) {
return 255;
} else {
return 0;
}
}
/// @} WaveformGenerators
/// @} lib8tion (excluding the timekeeping functions from the nested group)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
/// @defgroup Timekeeping Timekeeping Functions
/// Tools for tracking and working with time
///
/// @{
#if ((defined(ARDUINO) || defined(SPARK) || defined(FASTLED_HAS_MILLIS)) && !defined(USE_GET_MILLISECOND_TIMER)) || defined(FASTLED_DOXYGEN)
// Forward declaration of Arduino function 'millis'.
//uint32_t millis();
/// The a number of functions need access to a millisecond counter
/// in order to keep time. On Arduino, this is "millis()".
/// On other platforms, you'll need to provide a function with this
/// signature which provides similar functionality:
/// @code{.cpp}
/// uint32_t get_millisecond_timer();
/// @endcode
///
/// You can also force use of the get_millisecond_timer() function
/// by \#defining `USE_GET_MILLISECOND_TIMER`.
#define GET_MILLIS millis
#else
uint32_t get_millisecond_timer();
#define GET_MILLIS get_millisecond_timer
#endif
/// @} Timekeeping
/// @addtogroup lib8tion
/// @{
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
/// @defgroup BeatGenerators Waveform Beat Generators
/// Waveform generators that reset at a given number
/// of "beats per minute" (BPM).
///
/// The standard "beat" functions generate "sawtooth" waves which rise from
/// 0 up to a max value and then reset, continuously repeating that cycle at
/// the specified frequency (BPM).
///
/// The "sin" versions function similarly, but create an oscillating sine wave
/// at the specified frequency.
///
/// BPM can be supplied two ways. The simpler way of specifying BPM is as
/// a simple 8-bit integer from 1-255, (e.g., "120").
/// The more sophisticated way of specifying BPM allows for fractional
/// "Q8.8" fixed point number (an ::accum88) with an 8-bit integer part and
/// an 8-bit fractional part. The easiest way to construct this is to multiply
/// a floating point BPM value (e.g. 120.3) by 256, (e.g. resulting in 30796
/// in this case), and pass that as the 16-bit BPM argument.
///
/// Originally these functions were designed to make an entire animation project pulse.
/// with brightness. For that effect, add this line just above your existing call to
/// "FastLED.show()":
/// @code
/// uint8_t bright = beatsin8( 60 /*BPM*/, 192 /*dimmest*/, 255 /*brightest*/ ));
/// FastLED.setBrightness( bright );
/// FastLED.show();
/// @endcode
///
/// The entire animation will now pulse between brightness 192 and 255 once per second.
///
/// @warning Any "BPM88" parameter **MUST** always be provided in Q8.8 format!
/// @note The beat generators need access to a millisecond counter
/// to track elapsed time. See ::GET_MILLIS for reference. When using the Arduino
/// `millis()` function, accuracy is a bit better than one part in a thousand.
///
/// @{
/// Generates a 16-bit "sawtooth" wave at a given BPM, with BPM
/// specified in Q8.8 fixed-point format.
/// @param beats_per_minute_88 the frequency of the wave, in Q8.8 format
/// @param timebase the time offset of the wave from the millis() timer
/// @warning The BPM parameter **MUST** be provided in Q8.8 format! E.g.
/// for 120 BPM it would be 120*256 = 30720. If you just want to specify
/// "120", use beat16() or beat8().
LIB8STATIC uint16_t beat88( accum88 beats_per_minute_88, uint32_t timebase = 0)
{
// BPM is 'beats per minute', or 'beats per 60000ms'.
// To avoid using the (slower) division operator, we
// want to convert 'beats per 60000ms' to 'beats per 65536ms',
// and then use a simple, fast bit-shift to divide by 65536.
//
// The ratio 65536:60000 is 279.620266667:256; we'll call it 280:256.
// The conversion is accurate to about 0.05%, more or less,
// e.g. if you ask for "120 BPM", you'll get about "119.93".
return (((GET_MILLIS()) - timebase) * beats_per_minute_88 * 280) >> 16;
}
/// Generates a 16-bit "sawtooth" wave at a given BPM
/// @param beats_per_minute the frequency of the wave, in decimal
/// @param timebase the time offset of the wave from the millis() timer
LIB8STATIC uint16_t beat16( accum88 beats_per_minute, uint32_t timebase = 0)
{
// Convert simple 8-bit BPM's to full Q8.8 accum88's if needed
if( beats_per_minute < 256) beats_per_minute <<= 8;
return beat88(beats_per_minute, timebase);
}
/// Generates an 8-bit "sawtooth" wave at a given BPM
/// @param beats_per_minute the frequency of the wave, in decimal
/// @param timebase the time offset of the wave from the millis() timer
LIB8STATIC uint8_t beat8( accum88 beats_per_minute, uint32_t timebase = 0)
{
return beat16( beats_per_minute, timebase) >> 8;
}
/// Generates a 16-bit sine wave at a given BPM that oscillates within
/// a given range.
/// @param beats_per_minute_88 the frequency of the wave, in Q8.8 format
/// @param lowest the lowest output value of the sine wave
/// @param highest the highest output value of the sine wave
/// @param timebase the time offset of the wave from the millis() timer
/// @param phase_offset phase offset of the wave from the current position
/// @warning The BPM parameter **MUST** be provided in Q8.8 format! E.g.
/// for 120 BPM it would be 120*256 = 30720. If you just want to specify
/// "120", use beatsin16() or beatsin8().
LIB8STATIC uint16_t beatsin88( accum88 beats_per_minute_88, uint16_t lowest = 0, uint16_t highest = 65535,
uint32_t timebase = 0, uint16_t phase_offset = 0)
{
uint16_t beat = beat88( beats_per_minute_88, timebase);
uint16_t beatsin = (sin16( beat + phase_offset) + 32768);
uint16_t rangewidth = highest - lowest;
uint16_t scaledbeat = scale16( beatsin, rangewidth);
uint16_t result = lowest + scaledbeat;
return result;
}
/// Generates a 16-bit sine wave at a given BPM that oscillates within
/// a given range.
/// @param beats_per_minute the frequency of the wave, in decimal
/// @param lowest the lowest output value of the sine wave
/// @param highest the highest output value of the sine wave
/// @param timebase the time offset of the wave from the millis() timer
/// @param phase_offset phase offset of the wave from the current position
LIB8STATIC uint16_t beatsin16( accum88 beats_per_minute, uint16_t lowest = 0, uint16_t highest = 65535,
uint32_t timebase = 0, uint16_t phase_offset = 0)
{
uint16_t beat = beat16( beats_per_minute, timebase);
uint16_t beatsin = (sin16( beat + phase_offset) + 32768);
uint16_t rangewidth = highest - lowest;
uint16_t scaledbeat = scale16( beatsin, rangewidth);
uint16_t result = lowest + scaledbeat;
return result;
}
/// Generates an 8-bit sine wave at a given BPM that oscillates within
/// a given range.
/// @param beats_per_minute the frequency of the wave, in decimal
/// @param lowest the lowest output value of the sine wave
/// @param highest the highest output value of the sine wave
/// @param timebase the time offset of the wave from the millis() timer
/// @param phase_offset phase offset of the wave from the current position
LIB8STATIC uint8_t beatsin8( accum88 beats_per_minute, uint8_t lowest = 0, uint8_t highest = 255,
uint32_t timebase = 0, uint8_t phase_offset = 0)
{
uint8_t beat = beat8( beats_per_minute, timebase);
uint8_t beatsin = sin8( beat + phase_offset);
uint8_t rangewidth = highest - lowest;
uint8_t scaledbeat = scale8( beatsin, rangewidth);
uint8_t result = lowest + scaledbeat;
return result;
}
/// @} BeatGenerators
/// @} lib8tion, to exclude timekeeping functions
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
/// @addtogroup Timekeeping
/// @{
/// Return the current seconds since boot in a 16-bit value. Used as part of the
/// "every N time-periods" mechanism
LIB8STATIC uint16_t seconds16()
{
uint32_t ms = GET_MILLIS();
uint16_t s16;
s16 = ms / 1000;
return s16;
}
/// Return the current minutes since boot in a 16-bit value. Used as part of the
/// "every N time-periods" mechanism
LIB8STATIC uint16_t minutes16()
{
uint32_t ms = GET_MILLIS();
uint16_t m16;
m16 = (ms / (60000L)) & 0xFFFF;
return m16;
}
/// Return the current hours since boot in an 8-bit value. Used as part of the
/// "every N time-periods" mechanism
LIB8STATIC uint8_t hours8()
{
uint32_t ms = GET_MILLIS();
uint8_t h8;
h8 = (ms / (3600000L)) & 0xFF;
return h8;
}
/// Helper routine to divide a 32-bit value by 1024, returning
/// only the low 16 bits.
/// You'd think this would be just
/// @code
/// result = (in32 >> 10) & 0xFFFF;
/// @endcode
/// And on ARM, that's what you want and all is well.
/// But on AVR that code turns into a loop that executes
/// a four-byte shift ten times: 40 shifts in all, plus loop
/// overhead. This routine gets exactly the same result with
/// just six shifts (vs 40), and no loop overhead.
/// Used to convert millis to "binary seconds" aka bseconds:
/// one bsecond == 1024 millis.
LIB8STATIC uint16_t div1024_32_16( uint32_t in32)
{
uint16_t out16;
#if defined(__AVR__)
asm volatile (
" lsr %D[in] \n\t"
" ror %C[in] \n\t"
" ror %B[in] \n\t"
" lsr %D[in] \n\t"
" ror %C[in] \n\t"
" ror %B[in] \n\t"
" mov %B[out],%C[in] \n\t"
" mov %A[out],%B[in] \n\t"
: [in] "+r" (in32),
[out] "=r" (out16)
);
#else
out16 = (in32 >> 10) & 0xFFFF;
#endif
return out16;
}
/// Returns the current time-since-boot in
/// "binary seconds", which are actually 1024/1000 of a
/// second long.
LIB8STATIC uint16_t bseconds16()
{
uint32_t ms = GET_MILLIS();
uint16_t s16;
s16 = div1024_32_16( ms);
return s16;
}
/// Preprocessor-based class "template" for ::CEveryNTime, used with `EVERY_N_TIME` timekeepers.
/// Classes to implement ::EVERY_N_MILLIS, ::EVERY_N_SECONDS,
/// ::EVERY_N_MINUTES, ::EVERY_N_HOURS, and ::EVERY_N_BSECONDS.
#if 1
#define INSTANTIATE_EVERY_N_TIME_PERIODS(NAME,TIMETYPE,TIMEGETTER) \
class NAME { \
public: \
TIMETYPE mPrevTrigger; \
TIMETYPE mPeriod; \
\
NAME() { reset(); mPeriod = 1; }; \
NAME(TIMETYPE period) { reset(); setPeriod(period); }; \
void setPeriod( TIMETYPE period) { mPeriod = period; }; \
TIMETYPE getTime() { return (TIMETYPE)(TIMEGETTER()); }; \
TIMETYPE getPeriod() { return mPeriod; }; \
TIMETYPE getElapsed() { return getTime() - mPrevTrigger; } \
TIMETYPE getRemaining() { return mPeriod - getElapsed(); } \
TIMETYPE getLastTriggerTime() { return mPrevTrigger; } \
bool ready() { \
bool isReady = (getElapsed() >= mPeriod); \
if( isReady ) { reset(); } \
return isReady; \
} \
void reset() { mPrevTrigger = getTime(); }; \
void trigger() { mPrevTrigger = getTime() - mPeriod; }; \
\
operator bool() { return ready(); } \
};
/// @name CEveryNTime Base Classes
/// These macros define the time interval checking classes
/// used in the `EVERY_N_TIME` time macros.
/// @{
#if defined(FASTLED_DOXYGEN)
/// Time interval checking class.
/// Keeps track of a time interval in order to limit how often code
/// is executed.
/// @note TIMETYPE is specific to the initialized class, and is in the
/// units used by the time function. E.g. for ::EVERY_N_MILLIS it's uint32_t
/// and milliseconds, for ::EVERY_N_HOURS it's uint8_t and hours, etc.
/// @warning This specific class isn't actually part of the library! It's created
/// using a preprocessor macro (::INSTANTIATE_EVERY_N_TIME_PERIODS) as
/// a new class for every different time unit. It has been recreated
/// specifically for the documentation, so that the methods can be documented
/// as usual.
/// @see INSTANTIATE_EVERY_N_TIME_PERIODS
class CEveryNTime {
public:
TIMETYPE mPrevTrigger; ///< Timestamp of the last time the class was "ready"
TIMETYPE mPeriod; ///< Timing interval to check
/// Default constructor
CEveryNTime() { reset(); mPeriod = 1; };
/// Constructor
/// @param period the time interval between triggers
CEveryNTime(TIMETYPE period) { reset(); setPeriod(period); };
/// Set the time interval between triggers
void setPeriod( TIMETYPE period) { mPeriod = period; };
/// Get the current time according to the class' timekeeper
TIMETYPE getTime() { return (TIMETYPE)(TIMEGETTER()); };
/// Get the time interval between triggers
TIMETYPE getPeriod() { return mPeriod; };
/// Get the time elapsed since the last trigger event
TIMETYPE getElapsed() { return getTime() - mPrevTrigger; }
/// Get the time until the next trigger event
TIMETYPE getRemaining() { return mPeriod - getElapsed(); }
/// Get the timestamp of the most recent trigger event
TIMETYPE getLastTriggerTime() { return mPrevTrigger; }
/// Check if the time interval has elapsed
bool ready() {
bool isReady = (getElapsed() >= mPeriod);
if( isReady ) { reset(); }
return isReady;
}
/// Reset the timestamp to the current time
void reset() { mPrevTrigger = getTime(); };
/// Reset the timestamp so it is ready() on next call
void trigger() { mPrevTrigger = getTime() - mPeriod; };
/// @copydoc ready()
operator bool() { return ready(); }
};
#endif // FASTLED_DOXYGEN
/// Create the CEveryNMillis class for millisecond intervals
INSTANTIATE_EVERY_N_TIME_PERIODS(CEveryNMillis,uint32_t,GET_MILLIS);
/// Create the CEveryNSeconds class for second intervals
INSTANTIATE_EVERY_N_TIME_PERIODS(CEveryNSeconds,uint16_t,seconds16);
/// Create the CEveryNBSeconds class for bsecond intervals
INSTANTIATE_EVERY_N_TIME_PERIODS(CEveryNBSeconds,uint16_t,bseconds16);
/// Create the CEveryNMinutes class for minutes intervals
INSTANTIATE_EVERY_N_TIME_PERIODS(CEveryNMinutes,uint16_t,minutes16);
/// Create the CEveryNHours class for hours intervals
INSTANTIATE_EVERY_N_TIME_PERIODS(CEveryNHours,uint8_t,hours8);
/// Alias for CEveryNMillis
#define CEveryNMilliseconds CEveryNMillis
/// Create the CEveryNMillisDynamic class for dynamic millisecond intervals
class CEveryNMillisDynamic {
public:
uint32_t mPrevTrigger;
uint32_t mPeriod;
CEveryNMillisDynamic(uint32_t period) : mPeriod(period) { reset(); };
uint32_t getTime() { return GET_MILLIS(); };
uint32_t getPeriod() const { return mPeriod; };
uint32_t getElapsed() { return getTime() - mPrevTrigger; }
uint32_t getRemaining() { return getPeriod() - getElapsed(); }
uint32_t getLastTriggerTime() { return mPrevTrigger; }
bool ready() {
bool isReady = (getElapsed() >= getPeriod());
if( isReady ) { reset(); }
return isReady;
}
void reset() { mPrevTrigger = getTime(); };
void trigger() { mPrevTrigger = getTime() - getPeriod(); };
void setPeriod(uint32_t period) { mPeriod = period; }
operator bool() { return ready(); }
};
/// @} CEveryNTime Base Classes
// ————————————————————————————————————————————————
// Randominterval version of EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS:
// on each trigger, pick the next period randomly in [MIN..MAX].
// ————————————————————————————————————————————————
class CEveryNMillisRandom {
public:
uint32_t mPrevTrigger;
uint32_t mPeriod;
uint32_t mMinPeriod;
uint32_t mMaxPeriod;
CEveryNMillisRandom(uint32_t minPeriod, uint32_t maxPeriod)
: mMinPeriod(minPeriod), mMaxPeriod(maxPeriod)
{
computeNext();
reset();
}
void computeNext() {
// random16(x) returns [0..x-1], so this yields MIN..MAX
uint32_t range = mMaxPeriod - mMinPeriod + 1;
mPeriod = mMinPeriod + random16(range);
}
uint32_t getTime() const { return GET_MILLIS(); }
bool ready() {
uint32_t now = getTime();
if (now - mPrevTrigger >= mPeriod) {
mPrevTrigger = now;
computeNext();
return true;
}
return false;
}
void reset() { mPrevTrigger = getTime(); }
};
#else
// Under C++11 rules, we would be allowed to use not-external
// -linkage-type symbols as template arguments,
// e.g., LIB8STATIC seconds16, and we'd be able to use these
// templates as shown below.
// However, under C++03 rules, we cannot do that, and thus we
// have to resort to the preprocessor to 'instantiate' 'templates',
// as handled above.
template<typename timeType,timeType (*timeGetter)()>
class CEveryNTimePeriods {
public:
timeType mPrevTrigger;
timeType mPeriod;
CEveryNTimePeriods() { reset(); mPeriod = 1; };
CEveryNTimePeriods(timeType period) { reset(); setPeriod(period); };
void setPeriod( timeType period) { mPeriod = period; };
timeType getTime() { return (timeType)(timeGetter()); };
timeType getPeriod() { return mPeriod; };
timeType getElapsed() { return getTime() - mPrevTrigger; }
timeType getRemaining() { return mPeriod - getElapsed(); }
timeType getLastTriggerTime() { return mPrevTrigger; }
bool ready() {
bool isReady = (getElapsed() >= mPeriod);
if( isReady ) { reset(); }
return isReady;
}
void reset() { mPrevTrigger = getTime(); };
void trigger() { mPrevTrigger = getTime() - mPeriod; };
operator bool() { return ready(); }
};
typedef CEveryNTimePeriods<uint16_t,seconds16> CEveryNSeconds;
typedef CEveryNTimePeriods<uint16_t,bseconds16> CEveryNBSeconds;
typedef CEveryNTimePeriods<uint32_t,millis> CEveryNMillis;
typedef CEveryNTimePeriods<uint16_t,minutes16> CEveryNMinutes;
typedef CEveryNTimePeriods<uint8_t,hours8> CEveryNHours;
#endif
/// @name "EVERY_N_TIME" Macros
/// Check whether to excecute a block of code every N amount of time.
/// These are useful for limiting how often code runs. For example,
/// you can use ::fill_rainbow() to fill a strip of LEDs with color,
/// combined with an ::EVERY_N_MILLIS block to limit how fast the colors
/// change:
/// @code{.cpp}
/// static uint8_t hue = 0;
/// fill_rainbow(leds, NUM_LEDS, hue);
/// EVERY_N_MILLIS(20) { hue++; } // advances hue every 20 milliseconds
/// @endcode
/// Note that in order for these to be accurate, the EVERY_N block must
/// be evaluated at a regular basis.
/// @{
/// @cond
#define CONCAT_HELPER( x, y ) x##y
#define CONCAT_MACRO( x, y ) CONCAT_HELPER( x, y )
/// @endcond
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N milliseconds
/// @see GET_MILLIS
#define EVERY_N_MILLIS(N) EVERY_N_MILLIS_I(CONCAT_MACRO(PER, __COUNTER__ ),N)
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N milliseconds, using a custom instance name
/// @copydetails EVERY_N_MILLIS
#define EVERY_N_MILLIS_I(NAME,N) static CEveryNMillis NAME(N); if( NAME )
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N seconds
/// @see seconds16()
#define EVERY_N_SECONDS(N) EVERY_N_SECONDS_I(CONCAT_MACRO(PER, __COUNTER__ ),N)
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N seconds, using a custom instance name
/// @copydetails EVERY_N_SECONDS
#define EVERY_N_SECONDS_I(NAME,N) static CEveryNSeconds NAME(N); if( NAME )
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N bseconds
/// @see bseconds16()
#define EVERY_N_BSECONDS(N) EVERY_N_BSECONDS_I(CONCAT_MACRO(PER, __COUNTER__ ),N)
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N bseconds, using a custom instance name
/// @copydetails EVERY_N_BSECONDS
#define EVERY_N_BSECONDS_I(NAME,N) static CEveryNBSeconds NAME(N); if( NAME )
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N minutes
/// @see minutes16()
#define EVERY_N_MINUTES(N) EVERY_N_MINUTES_I(CONCAT_MACRO(PER, __COUNTER__ ),N)
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N minutes, using a custom instance name
/// @copydetails EVERY_N_MINUTES
#define EVERY_N_MINUTES_I(NAME,N) static CEveryNMinutes NAME(N); if( NAME )
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N hours
/// @see hours8()
#define EVERY_N_HOURS(N) EVERY_N_HOURS_I(CONCAT_MACRO(PER, __COUNTER__ ),N)
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N hours, using a custom instance name
/// @copydetails EVERY_N_HOURS
#define EVERY_N_HOURS_I(NAME,N) static CEveryNHours NAME(N); if( NAME )
/// Alias for ::EVERY_N_MILLIS
#define EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS(N) EVERY_N_MILLIS(N)
/// Alias for ::EVERY_N_MILLIS_I
#define EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS_I(NAME,N) EVERY_N_MILLIS_I(NAME,N)
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N milliseconds, where N is determined dynamically
#define EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS_DYNAMIC(PERIOD_FUNC) EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS_DYNAMIC_I(CONCAT_MACRO(__dynamic_millis_timer, __COUNTER__ ), (PERIOD_FUNC))
/// Checks whether to execute a block of code every N milliseconds, where N is determined dynamically, using a custom instance name
#define EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS_DYNAMIC_I(NAME, PERIOD_FUNC) \
static CEveryNMillisDynamic NAME(1); \
NAME.setPeriod(PERIOD_FUNC); \
if( NAME )
#define EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS_RANDOM(MIN, MAX) \
EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS_RANDOM_I( \
CONCAT_MACRO(_permRand, __COUNTER__), MIN, MAX)
#define EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS_RANDOM_I(NAME, MIN, MAX) \
static CEveryNMillisRandom NAME(MIN, MAX); \
if (NAME.ready())
/// @} Every_N
/// @} Timekeeping
// These defines are used to declare hidden or commented symbols for the
// purposes of Doxygen documentation generation. They do not affect your program.
#ifdef FASTLED_DOXYGEN
/// Set this flag to use the get_millisecond_timer() function in place
/// of the default millis() function.
/// @ingroup Timekeeping
#define USE_GET_MILLISECOND_TIMER
#endif
FASTLED_NAMESPACE_END
#endif
FL_DISABLE_WARNING_POP